Prostate Cancer – Symptom, Causes & Diagnosis

Prostate cancer

Signs and symptoms prostate cancers
• A need to urinate frequently, especially at night
• Blood in the urine
• (erectile dysfunction)
• Pain in the hips, (spine), (ribs), or other areas from cancer spread to bones
• Weakness or numbness in the legs or feet,
• loss of bladder or bowel control
• Difficulty starting urination or holding back urine
• interrupted flow of urine
• burning urination
• feeling that your bladder has not emptied fully

Causes

• Age:
• Race:
• Geography:
• Family history:
• Gene changes:
• Diet:
• Obesity:
• Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs):
• Agent Orange:
• Medication:
• Smoking
• Being a firefighter
• Prostatitis
• Certain sexually transmitted infections
• Having a vasectomy

Diagnosis
• PSA test.
• Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS):
• Prostate biopsy
• it include:
Lymph node biopsy as a separate procedure
Laparoscopic biopsy:
Fine needle aspiration (FNA):
• DRE.
• Computed tomography (CT or CAT) scan.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Grade of prostate cancer
Prostate cancers are graded according to the Gleason system. This system assigns a Gleason grade based on how much the cancer looks like normal prostate tissue.
• If the cancer looks a lot like normal prostate tissue, a grade of 1 is assigned.
• If the cancer looks very abnormal, it is given a grade of 5.
• Grades 2 through 4 have features in between these extremes.